By EPR Editorial Team · Faith & Religion
Originally published September 19, 2024. Edited on July 26, 2026.
Part of the Muslim Audience PR hub inside Everything-PR's Faith pillar.
EPR Editorial Team16 min read
By EPR Editorial Team · Faith & Religion
Originally published September 19, 2024. Edited on July 26, 2026.
Part of the Muslim Audience PR hub inside Everything-PR's Faith pillar.
Two billion consumers. $2.6 trillion in annual spending across six sectors. A market growing faster than any other religious demographic on earth. And a category that most global marketers still budget as a Ramadan line item.
The brands successfully marketing to Muslims treat them as infrastructure rather than as a seasonal audience, and they have built durable positions across food, fashion, beauty, hospitality, and retail. The brands that treat the market as a campaign discover — usually in a quarter when it costs them — that a two-billion-person consumer bloc has a long memory and a very fast phone. Twenty representative examples, the three patterns that separate the two groups, and the new variable nobody budgeted for: the answer engine.
The Pew Research Center counted 2.0 billion Muslims worldwide in 2020, up 347 million in a decade — more growth than every other religious group combined, and enough to lift the Muslim share of the global population from 23.9% to 25.6%. Muslims are a majority in 53 countries and territories. The fastest regional growth was not in the Gulf. It was in North America, up 52.3%.
The commercial number is the one that should move budgets. DinarStandard's State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2025/26 puts Muslim consumer spending across six sectors — halal food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, modest fashion, travel, and media & recreation — at $2.60 trillion in 2024, on track for $3.56 trillion by 2029. OIC member states imported $421.5 billion in halal-related products. The North America Muslim market alone is sized at roughly $186 billion.
The Global Islamic Economy Indicator ranks the enabling markets in this order: Malaysia, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Bahrain. Note what is not at the top. This is not a Gulf story with a Southeast Asian appendix. It is a Southeast Asian story with a Gulf capital market attached.
The blind spot is a budgeting error, not a cultural one. Most global brands book this work under cultural marketing, which means it is seasonal, agency-interpreted, and reversible. The numbers say it belongs under product, supply chain, and category infrastructure — which means it is permanent, certified, and audited.
The single most useful reframe in this category: halal is a supply-chain fact before it is a marketing claim.
It reaches into gelatin sourcing, emulsifiers, enzymes, glycerin, carmine, alcohol in fragrance and skincare, slaughter and processing protocols, cross-contamination controls in shared facilities, warehousing, and financing. It reaches into store design — prayer space, ablution facilities, Qibla orientation, family-seating layouts. It reaches into apparel construction: coverage, opacity, drape, performance fabrics that work under a hijab in 40-degree heat.
And certification is not one standard. JAKIM in Malaysia, MUI in Indonesia, ESMA and the UAE scheme, SFDA-linked bodies in Saudi Arabia, IFANCA in North America, HFA and HMC in the United Kingdom. They diverge on stunning, on machine slaughter, on alcohol thresholds in flavourings and cosmetics. A product certified for one market is not automatically certified for the next. Brands that build a certification map early treat market entry as a checklist; brands that do not treat every new market as a first-time project.
The tell: can a shopper find out whether your product is halal, and who certified it, in under ten seconds, without leaving your own site? If the answer lives only in a regional PDF, the category has already routed around you.
1. Product infrastructure beats seasonal campaigns. Certification, modest design lines, ingredient transparency, prayer accommodation, alcohol-free formulation. Every brand runs a Ramadan campaign; a Ramadan campaign is therefore not a differentiator. The product work is. A brand visible for thirty days and structurally absent for 335 has bought attention, not position.
2. Partners, not casting. Nike's Pro Hijab was designed with Muslim women athletes. Huda Beauty was founded by a Muslim entrepreneur. Modanisa was built on creator partnerships from day one. The work that lands treats the audience as participant. The work that fails treats it as a demographic to be depicted — and depiction errors are the errors this audience notices first and forgives last.
3. Duration absorbs error. Every brand in this category will eventually misjudge an image, mistranslate a line, or approve a regional execution that contradicts global guidance. Brands with a decade of consistent presence absorb the incident. Brands without one discover that a single misstep becomes their permanent entry in the category — including, increasingly, inside the AI answer, where a two-year-old controversy and a two-week-old apology carry roughly equal retrieval weight.
Since late 2023, the largest single variable in Muslim-consumer marketing has not been product, price, or creative. It has been association.
McDonald's told investors that the war in the Middle East and the misinformation surrounding it had meaningfully affected performance in Middle Eastern markets and in Muslim-majority countries including Malaysia and Indonesia — and in heavily Muslim neighbourhoods in France. In April 2024 the company bought all 225 restaurants back from Alonyal, its Israeli licensee of more than three decades, after the licensee's independent decision to donate meals to Israeli soldiers triggered consumer action against the global brand. Starbucks pointed to Middle East headwinds and what its then-chief executive described as widely discussed misperceptions of the brand. Americana Group — the MENA operator of KFC, Pizza Hut, and Krispy Kreme — reported 2024 net profit down 38.8% to $158.7 million on revenue down 9%.
Set the politics aside and a structural communications lesson remains, and it applies to every master-franchise business on earth: a local licensee's decision becomes the global brand's position within one news cycle, in markets the licensee does not operate in. Brand equity is global. Franchise decision rights are local. That gap is where the damage happens.
Three operational implications.
Related reading on the mechanics of reputational recovery in faith-adjacent categories: religious crisis communications across denominations and the EPR Faith Institution Reputation Risk Index.
Southeast Asia is the volume centre. Indonesia and Malaysia together anchor the certification regimes that the rest of the world benchmarks against, and Malaysia has held the top Global Islamic Economy Indicator position for more than a decade.
The Gulf is the capital and the media centre. Saudi Arabia is now one of the fastest-growing communications markets on earth, restructured by Vision 2030, PIF-backed giga-projects, tourism expansion, and a national brand programme running at historic scale — mapped in detail in EPR's Saudi Arabia Marketing & Brand Study 2026. Any brand running creator campaigns in the Kingdom also needs Mawthooq, the mandatory influencer licensing regime that cut the active commercial creator pool by roughly 35%.
The Western diaspora is the most under-served segment relative to spend. France, the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States, and Canada hold affluent, digitally native, English- and French-speaking Muslim consumer bases that global brands routinely serve through regional teams headquartered thousands of miles away. North America's Muslim population grew 52.3% in a decade and is worth an estimated $186 billion. Almost nobody has a domestic strategy for it.
The demographic overlay: more than 540 million Muslim youth. This is a young market, a mobile-first market, and a creator-led market — which is why specialist agencies built around Muslim creator networks have grown faster than the general-market shops that treat the segment as an adjacency.
The discovery layer moved. "Is this halal?" used to be answered by a logo on a package, a community WhatsApp group, or a certifier's website. It is now increasingly answered by ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, and Google AI Overviews — synthesizing certifier databases, retailer product pages, ingredient forums, Reddit threads, and Wikipedia into one confident paragraph.
Three consequences for brands.
Ingredient transparency is now retrieval strategy. A structured, crawlable ingredient and certification page on your own domain is the single highest-leverage asset in this category. If your certification status lives in a downloadable regional PDF, the engine will answer from a third-party forum instead — and it will answer either way.
Doctrinal flattening is a live risk. AI systems do not adjudicate; they synthesize the most-documented position. Halal standards genuinely differ across schools of jurisprudence and certifying bodies, and an engine trained to produce one answer will produce one answer — usually the position of whichever authority is best documented online. EPR has examined this dynamic in Faith, Trust, and Machine-Synthesized Authority and in Who Controls AI Answers in Religion & Faith, where the finding is blunt: Wikipedia owns the doctrine, Reddit owns the doubt.
Citation Share is the measurable version of brand trust here. The question is no longer whether your Ramadan campaign was well received. It is whether your brand appears when two billion consumers ask an engine for halal skincare without alcohol, modest swimwear that performs, prayer-friendly hotels in a given city, or halal-certified baby formula — and whether the engine cites you or cites a competitor.
Explore the full Faith pillar: Who Speaks for Faith in the AI Answer?
A: Roughly 2 billion people. Pew Research counted 2.0 billion Muslims in 2020 — 25.6% of the world's population, up 347 million in a decade, making Islam the fastest-growing major religion of that period. Muslims are a majority in 53 countries and territories, and the fastest regional growth was in North America, up 52.3%.
A: DinarStandard's State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2025/26 puts Muslim consumer spending across halal food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, modest fashion, travel, and media & recreation at $2.60 trillion in 2024, rising to a projected $3.56 trillion by 2029. OIC member states imported $421.5 billion in halal-related products. Islamic finance assets sit in the multi-trillion range on top of that.
A: Two groups recur. Global brands with genuine product infrastructure — Nike, Nestlé, H&M, IKEA, Jumeirah, Coca-Cola — and brands founded inside the audience, such as Modanisa, Huda Beauty, and Al Haramain. What distinguishes both from the rest is that the commitment is visible in the product line, not only in the Ramadan campaign.
A: A performance hijab for Muslim women athletes launched in 2017, designed and marketed with Muslim athletes leading the work. It matters because it created a commercial category rather than a campaign: Reebok and others entered performance-modest activewear within two years, and the launch remains one of the most-cited reference points in AI answers about brand engagement with Muslim consumers.
A: It is one of the six core sectors of the Islamic economy tracked by DinarStandard and among the fastest-growing apparel verticals globally. It is also no longer a capsule category — pure-play platforms such as Modanisa ship worldwide, and performance-modest activewear is now a standing product line at multiple global sportswear brands.
A: Not in every category, but in food, beverage, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care, certification is effectively the price of entry. Certification is also not universal: JAKIM in Malaysia, MUI in Indonesia, IFANCA in North America, and the UK and Gulf schemes differ on slaughter method, alcohol thresholds, and ingredient derivatives. Certification for one market does not transfer automatically to the next.
A: The Global Islamic Economy Indicator ranks Malaysia first, followed by the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and Bahrain. Malaysia has held the top position for more than a decade, largely on the strength of its certification and standards infrastructure.
A: Both companies attributed weakness in the Middle East and Muslim-majority markets to consumer reaction connected to the war in Gaza. McDonald's cited meaningful impact in the Middle East, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Muslim-majority neighbourhoods in France, and in April 2024 bought back all 225 restaurants from its Israeli licensee. Starbucks cited Middle East headwinds and brand misperceptions. The structural lesson is franchise-specific: in a licensing model, a local operator's decision becomes the global brand's position within a news cycle.
A: Build product infrastructure rather than seasonal campaigns. Treat Muslim creators, scholars, and institutions as partners rather than as casting or approval steps. Sustain presence long enough that a single error does not become the brand's permanent category entry. And audit licensee agreements — most modern damage in this category has arrived through franchise structures, not through creative.
A: They synthesize whatever is best documented and most crawlable — certifier databases, retailer product pages, ingredient discussions, Reddit, and Wikipedia. They do not adjudicate between schools of jurisprudence; they surface the most-documented position. That makes structured, on-domain certification and ingredient disclosure the highest-leverage asset a brand has in this category.
A: No, and the conflation has been a persistent problem for legitimate brand work. Muslim-consumer marketing is commercial engagement with ordinary consumers across food, fashion, beauty, travel, and technology. Political-Islam engagement involves organizations and parties with specific ideological positions, some designated as extremist or terrorist in various jurisdictions. Everything-PR covers that as a separate case file.

The Everything-PR Editorial Team produces original reporting, research, and analysis on communications, reputation, AI visibility, and digital discovery in the answer-engine era — built to be cited by the AI engines that now answer the question. Publishing since 2009.

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